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CHAPTER 2 DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS 2.1
POPULATION
GROWTH DURING THE 20TH CENTURY The population of the Antique throughout the 20th century grew at a much slower pace than the population of the entire country. As shown in Figure 2.1, the peak period of the population growth of the province covered the war years of the 1940s, when the average annual growth rate approached 86 percent of the national rate.
Another relatively high growth rate was observed in the late 70’s and 90’s when the average annual growth rate during these years reached 83.0 percent of the corresponding national rate. However, in the early 80’s and 90’s, the average annual growth experienced a declining trend at an average of 59.0 percent of the average growth rate of the country. Source: NSO 2000 CPH On
the other hand, the population growth in Antique during the 20th
century was not only slow compared to that of the country, but was also the
slowest in the region. Below is the average annual growth rate of Region VI and
its provinces during from 1903 to 2000 (Guimaras is not included in the
comparison due to its being new province): REGION VI 1.8
percent annually Negros Occidental 2.2
percent annually Figure
2.2 described the average annual growth rate of Antique relative to its total
population in a certain censal year.
Generally, the population of the province was increasing during the 20th
century, but its average annual growth rate varied from each year of
census. The province experienced the
highest growth rate in the 80’s and a great decline in the 60’s.
Source: NSO 2000 CPH Between 1980 and 1990 the
proportion of Antique’s people residing in urban barangays increased from 21.0
to 27.0 percent as result of a very high average annual population growth rate
of 4.4 percent. By contrast, the rural
population increased by less than one percent during the same ten-year
period. During the first half of the
1990s, population growth not only declined in both the urban and rural parts of
Antique but the urban-rural growth pattern reversed; the rural was the fastest
growing, and the growth of the urban population was reduced to one fifth of
what it had been during the preceding decade. The
Census of Population and Housing that was conducted on May 1, 2000 placed the
population of Antique at 472,822 at an annual growth rate of 1.97 percent. This was higher by 41,109 persons over the
1995 Census of Population. Likewise,
the increase in population made the current growth rate 0.83 greater than the
growth rate in 1995 (1.14 percent) (Please refer to Table 2A).
If the same growth rate continues
to over the years, the population of Antique is expected to double in 35
years. From
1995 to 2000, the average annual population growth rate of nine out of 18
municipalities of Antique hovered around the average growth rate of 1.97 percent
per annum, differing from as low as 9.0 percent to as high as 106.0 percent
more than the provincial average.
Relatively high population growth rate was registered in Sebaste, Caluya
and Valderrama and, to a lesser degree, in Tibiao, Pandan and Laua-an. Sebaste, Pandan and Tibiao belong to
northern part of the province, Valderrama and Laua-an in central part while
Caluya is an island municipality composing island barangays (Please refer to
Figure 2.3). At the other end of the growth scale, Libertad showed a negative growth 0.52 per cent per annum in contrast for being the topnotch municipality in terms of population growth between 1990 to 1995. The municipalities hardly grew at all came from the southern part of the province, to name: Hamtic, Anini-y, T.ornier and Belison.
Sources: NSO 1995 POPCEN, NSO 2000 CPH As
illustrated in Table 2B, among 18 municipalities of the province, the top five
which contributed highest share of population relative to provincial total were
Sibalom (10.6%), San Jose (10.2%), Hamtic (8.1%), Culasi (7.4%) and Patnongon
(6.7%). These municipalities retained their position during the 1995 Census of
Population. Sibalom and Hamtic are adjacent
municipalities to provincial capital, San Jose. On the other hand, four municipalities were still at the bottom
from 1995 to 2000 counts, Belison (2.5%), Libertad (2.8%), Sebaste (3.2%) and
Valderrama (3.8%). The municipalities
with less than one percent growth rates were Belison (0.8%) and Tobias Fornier
(1.0%). Libertad was the slowest
growing municipality in from 1995 to 2000 at negative 0.5. The number of persons in every square kilometer in all municipalities in the province ranges from 65 to 1,871. San Jose, being the capital, registered the highest population density at 1,871 persons in every square kilometer (Please refer to 2.1). Other municipalities belonging to top five with highest population density were Libertad (327), Belison (298), Anini-y (282) and Patnongon (279). Moreover, San Remigio, one of the three inland municipalities, had the lowest population density of 65 persons in every square kilometer of its area.
2.2
FERTILITY, MORTALITY AND MIGRATION The population growth of a
certain place is the net effect of three demographic processes, such as
fertility, mortality and migration. 2.2.1
Fertility
In 2002, the crude birth
rate was 17.7 percent. This could be
translated to about 18 children born for every 1000 population in the province
in that year. It
was noted that the number of births was declining from 9,955 in 2000 to 8,841
births in 2002 as shown in Table 2.2.
However, this record was based from the registered births in the
province during these years, under-registration might be possible. Source: NSO 2000 - 2002
Also from the said table,
among the mothers who gave births in 2000, 2001 and 2002, those with ages 25 to
29 years had the most number of babies born at 26.6, 26.1 and 26.5 percent
respectively. Notably, women aged 20 to
34 had a tendency to give more births than those women 15 to 19 and women 40 to
49 years old in 2000 to 2002.
In the municipal level,
the highest average parity of ever- married women 45 to 49 years old was
registered in Caluya at 5.63. Other municipalities
with ever- married women 45 to 49 years old and had more than five children in
their entire lives are Sebaste (5.42), Tibiao (5.34) and Patnongon (5.21). Another indicator of
fertility measure is the child/woman ratio (Table 2.1),
taken as the number of children (both sexes) under five years old divided by
the number of women in the childbearing ages.
In Antique the ratio was 0.55 in 2000 which simply meant that the
average number of children under age five years per woman aged 15 to 49 years
in the population of Antique was 0.55. The
child/woman ratio in the municipalities ranges from 0.43 to
0.72. The municipality of Caluya had
the highest ratio at 0.72 while the municipalities of Belison and San Jose
(capital town) had the lowest child/woman ratio at 0.43. The other municipalities hovered around the
provincial average, except for Anini-y and T. Fornier with child/woman ratio of
0.44 and 0.48 respectively. 2.2.2. Mortality
The Vital Statistics Report compiled data on the registered marriages, births and deaths occurred in the Philippines and provinces based on the submitted vital documents from the Municipal Civil Registry Offices to the National Statistics Office. Source: NSO Vital Statistics Report, 2000 –2002 From
2000 to 2002, the crude death rates of Antique were higher than
the national average. Highest crude
death rate was observed in 2000 (6.9%) but down by 0.3 percentage point in 2001
and the rate was retained in 2002. This
is in contrast to the country crude death rates of increasing trend within
three years. The crude death rate of
6.6 percent means that there were about 7 person died in every 1000 population
in 2001 and 2002 (Please refer to Figure 2.6). The percent of deaths in Antique (Figure 2.7) was
high at the age group of less than one year at an average of 6.1 percent in
three years. However, the occurrence
declined from the age one to 14 years.
Then, it started to go up from the age 15 to 79 years old. As shown in Table 2.3, high incidence of
death happened to male population in the province at the age of 60 years old
and above while 70 years old and above for female.
Source: NSO Vital Statistics Report, 2000 -2002
Table 2D shows the 2002 Ten Leading Causes of Deaths
in Antique. Pneumonia was the number
one leading cause of death in Antique for 2002 that occupied 25.1 percent of
the total deaths that year.
Another important mortality measure is infant
mortality rate that indicates the number of babies (under one year of
age) who died out of 1000 babies born in the course of a year. Out of 1000 babies born in Antique, 20.4 had
died in 2002. This was considerably
higher than the Philippines by 6.1 percentage points. Unlike the Philippine situation in which its infant mortality
rates was following the decreasing trend, Antique’s IMR was decreasing from
2000 (20.8 %) to 2001 (20.0%) and went up to 2002 (20.4%) as shown in Figure
2.8. Source:
NSO 2002 Vital Statistics Report
Life expectancies1 at birth refer to the number of years an average
person just born can expect to live provided the mortality conditions existing
at the time of birth remain unchanged. However, life expectancy of the men and
women would greatly depend on the lifestyle and conditions of their lives as
the years go on. Hence, if the
conditions were favorable during the person’s lifetime his life expectancy
would likewise improve. In Antique life
expectancies of male and female were 57.6 and 63.9 years respectively in
1990. It means that a baby boy born in
1990 had on the average a life expectancy close to 58 while a baby girl would
live five years longer than her counterpart. On the other hand, the following were the projected
life expectancy of male and female population in Antique from 2003 to 20052: Male Female 2003 63.76 69.87 2004 64.19 70.30 2005 64.62 70.30 1NSO-UNFPA,
Antique In Focus 2NSO,
Quickstat (Antique), July 2005 2.2.3.
Migration The third of the three
demographic processes, migration is not very well documented. People in the Philippines can move freely
and settle in any part of the country that they wish to live in. the absence of
the government regulation or other kind of control on migratory movements, data
documenting such moves are few. The
best source of available migration data is the result of the censuses that have
asked individuals where they resided five years prior to the census (Flieger,
Antique In Focus)
Table 2E compares census figures from the 1990 and 2000 censuses of population. The table shows the percent of resident persons who, five years before the censuses of 1990 and 2000, had resided elsewhere in the country. The table further divides the migrants into those who previously had resided in another municipality of Antique (intra-provincial migrants) and those whom had moved to Antique from some other province in the country (inter-provincial migrants). Not included in the tabulation are international migrants, those who had lived in a foreign country. The number of which is very small, their omission does not matter much. The intra-provincial
migration of the province was decreased from 4,652 in 1990 to 2, 747 in 2000 or
about 41 percent. However, the
inter-provincial migration had a very low increase of 1.1 percents within
1990-2000. 2.3 POPULATION AGE AND STRUCTURE
2.3.1 Age-Sex Population Pyramid Generally, the shape of
the pyramid is primarily the result of past fertility. If fertility has been relatively stable for
a number of decades, the pyramid would be very regular and have a smooth
surface. However, the pyramid of
Antique in 1995 had a broad base and slim top. It indicated that the past
fertility of the province was high as young people dominated the
population. The same was also observed
in age-sex pyramid for 2000. Both
censal years exhibited a decline in the population of four years old and below. Source: NSO 1995 POPCEN Table 2.1 showed that
child/woman ratio in the province had decreased from 0.63 in 1995 to 0.55 in
2000. By examination of the table,
the trend is true all throughout the municipalities in Antique. Looking closer at the population pyramid (Figure 2.10), children aged five to nine years dominated the province with 13.01 percent share of the total population. This was followed by those aged 10 to 14 years at 12.80 percent. This made the age structure of Antique to deviate from the usual pyramid shape, that is, the population decreases as age increase. Residents of the province 65 years of age or older in 2000 had only an average of 76 men left for every 100 women. Source: NSO 2000 CPH 2.3.2
Sex Ratio In 2000, males outnumbered
females with a sex ratio of 102.32 males for every 100 females. Sex ratios of newly born babies in a
population tend to be in favor of boys. However, male dominance
was highly observed at the age of 20 to 24 with the sex ratio of 113 males in
every 100 females. Nevertheless, the sex
ratio was closed to even for men and women in the twenties to late
forties. After that the sex ratio
turned progressively more female-dominant an indication that male mortality was
higher than the female (Please refer to Tables 2.6 and 2.7). 2.3.3 Dependency Ratio As revealed in Table 2.4 the total
population comprised the working age group (15 to 64 years old) in the province
in 2000 was 265, 185 or 56.1 percent.
Those aged zero to 14 years, and aged 65 and above constituted 39.9 and
6.0 percent respectively. Furthermore, the
dependency ratio of Antique in 2000 was 78.3, higher than the 1995 figure of
83.7. It simply means that for every
100 persons in the working age group 15 to 64 years, there were 78.3
dependents, 67.7 young dependents (aged 0 to 14 years) and 10.7 old dependents
(aged 65 years and over).
2.3.4 Median Age In 2000, Antique had a
median age of 21 years, higher than that of 1995 (20 years). This meant that half of the population were
aged 21 years and below (Please refer to Table 2.4).
2.3.5 Population Projection The population projection
from 2001 to 2010 is presented in Table 2.8.
This was computed based on the 1995 Census of Population results and was
culled from Antique In Focus.
Source: NSO 2000 CPH, NSO 1995 CPH
Source: NSO 2000 CPH, NSO 1995 CPH
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CHAPTER
3 - SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
